Panakawan uses a Javanese name, different from the Indian heroes.
It was closely related to religious practices (incense and night / wandering spirits). Before the IX century, it belonged to the native population. Kats argues that the technical term clearly comes from Java, wayang was born without the help of India, a very old cultural image. It grows from the worship of the ancestors. The technical design, the style, and the composition of the Javanese plays. The structure of the puppet is composed according to a very old model (the way of telling the puppeteer, the height of the voice, the language, and the expressions). Similarly, some of the other technical terms used in the wayang kulit found in Java and Bali are based on local languages, even when the play overlaps with Buddhist or Hindu mythologies. This opinion is based on the use of terms related to the wayang stage which are not borrowed from other languages, or in other words, these terms are original Javanese terms. wayang was not derived from any of the other types of shadow puppet in mainland Asia, but was a creation of the Javanese themselves. All technical terms in the wayang are Javanese not Sanskrit. Indian puppets are different from Javanese wayang. Wayang is closely related to Javanese social culture and religious life.
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He presents the results of ancient Indonesian culture, such as: gamelan, monetary system, metric forms, batik, astronomy, how to grow wet rice fields, government administration. According to Brandes, puppets are native to Java.
In ritual contexts, puppet shows are used for prayer rituals (held in temples in Bali), ruwatan ritual (cleansing Sukerto children from bad luck), and sedekah bumi ritual (thanksgiving to God for the abundant crops). Wayang performances are usually held at certain rituals, certain ceremonies, certain events, and even tourist attractions. Wayang performances are still very popular among Indonesians, especially in the islands of Java and Bali. Traditionally, a wayang is played out in a ritualized midnight-to-dawn show by a dalang, an artist and spiritual leader people watch the show from both sides of the screen. The dramatic stories depict mythologies, such as episodes from the Hindu epics the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, as well as local adaptations of cultural legends. Performances of wayang puppet theatre are accompanied by a gamelan orchestra in Java, and by gender wayang in Bali. Sometimes the leather puppet itself is referred to as wayang. Wayang refers to the entire dramatic show. Wayang, also known as wajang ( Javanese: ꦮꦪꦁ, romanized: wayang), is a traditional form of puppet theatre play originated on the Indonesian island of Java.